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Torre-Amione: I had the opportunity of gettingto know him [DeBakey] the latter part of his

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life,very actively, although I trained here, and

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I spent almost the last 25 years of my lifehere in my

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training and my professional career.

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Lindberg: Looks as if you must have startedat age 12 or something.

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Torre-Amione: Twenty-five.

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But almost anybody that trained here that'smy generation has had

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an impact--DeBakey's legacy and his life,and whether you just participated in training

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at Bayloror rotation or you were in the field of cardiovascular

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medicine, there was almost nothing that youdo that in some way is not a reflection of

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his career and his presence.

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So many of us that trainedhere and live here--just sort of an icon that's

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irreplaceable.

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And his figure is mythical and even ifyou don't have a direct contact with him,

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as I didn't for many years, you always feelhis presence

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and his shadow.

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I don't know how much people talk to you aboutthat, but when I was in

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training--this is 20-plus years ago--you wouldcome into DeBakey rounds, and it was sort

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of areligious experience.

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In his 9th floor office he would sit in frontof the x-ray machine, and he

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would look at the films, and he would makehis notes, and he wrote the diagrams and then

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thefaculty would sit behind him and give reports,

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and then the residents and the interns inthe back,

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and just to be able to go into the room wasa big deal, and you didn't have to say anything--but

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just the presence of the entire room justwas overwhelming.

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Lindberg: That's very interesting.

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Torre-Amione: So that was for me my firstcontact with DeBakey, going through rounds

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withDeBakey was the highlight of the rotation,

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just to have that contact with him.

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I mean he carriedthat presence or aura around him.

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Lindberg: So was that weekly?

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Torre-Amione: Every day.

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DeBakey rounds were at four p.m. and thenevery consultant that

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worked in--and at that time he would have100 patients admitted to the hospital.

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I mean it wasincredible.

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They were times of no privacy of information.

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You would go to radiology and look atthe list of patients who you have to select

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the x-rays and review, and you would see patientafter

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patient of DeBakey, DeBakey--so it was a timein medicine where--you don't see that anymore.

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It just doesn't exist.

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Whether medicine has been transforming which--youjust don't have

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individuals like that anymore.

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It may be good or bad but in any case, that'sthe way it was in the

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past, and just that experience was in andof itself an extraordinary experience.

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So throughout mytraining the presence of DeBakey was really

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a religious experience for anybody that practicedhere.

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If you were in cardiovascular medicine--toa different magnitude.

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Now my personalrelationship with him really developed the

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later part of his life when he became ill.

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He had a lotof physicians, and I was only one among a

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group of doctors that would meet with him.

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Wewould have meetings and sit in a conference

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room, pretty much the way DeBakey rounds werefor other patients.

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Dr. DeBakey would come and then you have mostlyvery senior physicians,

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significantly senior to me, people that werehis direct colleagues at that time in the

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school and so

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forth.

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And then we'd review different aspects ofhis own personal care and discuss medication

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and discuss a strategy.

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Then I participated in the area of cardiologywhere he had--1 suppose it's

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probably appropriate to mention his illnessas it were.

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Lindberg: Yeah, it was all over the newspapers,sure.

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Torre-Amione: Yeah.

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He had developed a cardiomyopathy and somecardiac dysfunction at

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some point, and he was very aware of whathis medical treatments were for that, and

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that was myarea of expertise, and so I would come into

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the meeting and over time I developed a closerrelationship with him.

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I was probably one of the most junior--1 wouldsay among that group, I

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was the youngest individual, so I developeda very nice relationship with him, and we

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would talkabout different aspects of medicine, and then

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he would talk about life in general and thephilosophy of medicine and how one should

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be open to different strategies.

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I think that he wasvery interested in the latter part of his

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life to really explore unconventional treatmentsthat maybe

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would be perceived by us as maybe not necessarilyalternative medicine, but just explore or

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keepyour mind open to potentially new forms of

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treatment that may offer a unique or differentapproach, and I found that really fascinating

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because here you have someone who spent hislife

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building foundations for scientific practiceof medicine and surgery and cardiovascular

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medicine,and someone who is old by conventional criteria--but

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a mind that's very young and willing toexplore unconventional strategies with a scientific

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twist.

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He didn't have the idea of magicalcures.

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You know, "If it does work, why does it work?

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Let's explore this.

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It may be effective inthis way."

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I thought that was fascinating.

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Lindberg: You know he had a Chinese yew treein his garden.

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Torre-Amione: Yes.

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Lindberg: I don't know if it was because oftamoxifen or just [that] he liked it, but

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he talkedabout it.

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Torre-Amione: Yeah, and I don't think that'sa common--1 mean he must have had a unique

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set ofgenes that kept him pretty active mentally

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and even though, yes, he was biologically--Hewas

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perhaps even more open to change than manypeople my age or even younger, so I think

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thatwas-

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Lindberg: Well, there are young old men.

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Torre-Amione: --one of the things that--yes,I thihk that quality was one of--or maybe

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perhapsone of the lessons that I had the great pleasure

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of really learning from him directly.

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Lindberg: He's one of the reasons I'll nevervote for forced retirement at 65.

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Torre-Amione: I think that's true.

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Lindberg: Him and [Congressman] Claude Pepper.

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Torre-Amione: Well, I spent, just like manyother people here, a lot of time with him

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towards theend, and the week before he died, he continued

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to have ideas about developing a new pumpor

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coming up with better strategies for supportof the failing heart.

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He would talk about healthcare.

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Ihave to tell you that he always said, at least

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to me various times, he said the solutionto

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healthcare is just to expand the VA systemto the entire population.

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Lindberg: I know.

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Torre-Amione: He said we already have a systemthat works, just make it open to everybody.

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Ifrankly think that's a fantastic idea.

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I don't know why no other individual has pushedthat--

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Lindberg: And it's one that's ignored.

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Torre-Amione: Right, I think people perceiveit as socialized or whatever but the fact

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it is--

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Lindberg: Well, he said that, on the occasionthey awarded him the Congressional Gold Medal,

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to the president and the president, who hadbeen pretty happy up until that [point], turned

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beetred.

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Torre-Amione: I missed the opportunity togo to that one.

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I had a meeting that was scheduled inEurope.

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I couldn't cancel it, but I sort of regretnot attending that.

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Lindberg: It was sort of fun.

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Totally ceremonial but still it was fun.

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Torre-Amione: I know, but it's a fun and agood experience to attend.

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So I mean the stories likethat--if you ask me what's the greatest learning--you

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can talk to a lot of different people, theygive you different stories on how hard he

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worked and his ethics and his commitment,but I think

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for me one of the greatest lessons from Dr.DeBakey was to work so hard and so diligent,

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and atleast in my interaction which may be different

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at different stages of his life--was thathis work

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ethic is just--

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Lindberg: He never let up.

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Torre-Amione: --incredible.

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I don't think that you have people that areso committed to that to

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the point that that becomes their sort ofreligion, their mode of life and without any

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interest inwhat people really would go perhaps today--1'11

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just share a story today--1 was seeing patientstoday in clinic and a patient told me her

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primary physician had "fired" her, and thereason why

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he fired her.

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She said to me, "Well, you don't come oftento the office.

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I've seen you in thehospital only one time last year, it's not

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worth my time to spend time with you.

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My practice isbooming, I don't really need your money.''

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Now what the real motives are, I don't understandthat.

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To have a physician to talk to a patient likethat, it's something that would inconceivable

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inDr. DeBakey's mind and the way he practiced

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medicine.

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I think that people have lost that overtime, and I think if we needed to capture

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-- you can capture his greatness as a physician,as a

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surgeon, but I think these other aspects ofthe practice of medicine will be lost if we

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don't keep italive, and I don't think we're going to have

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too many people that really practice likethat.

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Lindberg: He was a surprisingly scholarlyman; did you ever talk Greek and Roman history

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withhim?

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Torre-Amione: No, but I talked about WorldWar 11.

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I'll share another story with you.

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I broughthim to Monterey, my hometown in Mexico, and

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we had him attend a meeting with the chairmanof the board who was also the chairman of

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a very large cement corporation, and we weresitting

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having lunch, and so he's talking about thehistory of cement with this man who's the

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CEO of thisglobal company that at that time probably

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was the second largest cement company in theworld,

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right, so Dr. DeBakey is talking to thesemen about cement, the history of cement and

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howcement has evolved through the years, and

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so I say, you know, I don't think he rehearsedit, but

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how did he end up--1 don't think anybody haddiscussed with him what was this man's company.

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So he can handle that, he can handle everything.

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Right, so that was just one of these things--

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Lindberg: That's interesting.

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Torre-Amione: --that are very surprising.

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Lindberg: I'm not surprised, but I'm veryhappy that you said it.

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Torre-Amione: No, it's really remarkable,and I don't think anybody had briefed him

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on thisindividual's area of work.

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We were in an academic mission, just havingpresentations at the

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university had really very little knowledgeput out.

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Lindberg: Well, you know one of the thingsthat he gave us--Katrin gave us--was his drafts

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ofmanuscripts, and he wrote ey1 Franqais beautifully.

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I mean effortlessly.

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His last paper onhealthcare for JAMA, it was just published

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as is, practically no corrections and certainlynot

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ghost written, for sure not.

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Torre-Amione: No, I understand that.

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Most of the memories that I have really revolvearound

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these very important aspects of somebody'slife that really transcend the practice of

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medicine, butI tell you I also took care of patients that

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he treated for many years, and we would goand see

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them, and he would make rounds at the ageof 99, and we would come up with him, and

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he'd beon top of it and he would call them, and even

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late in his life he had the same dedicationto take

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care of patients.

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He knew exactly what he should do.

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I mean he was really an incredibleindividual.

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Lindberg: It amazed me as well.

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Torre-Amione: I think the other importantaspect--it's obvious because of his work,

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but I think ifI look at myself, if I could be in a position

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of influence like him, I think it's very remarkablethat

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you get an individual that could have personallybenefited to a much greater degree of all

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hisaccomplishments.

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I think a lot of what he wanted to do andreally the way he lived his life,

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demonstrated that.

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He wanted to build.

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He wanted to contribute.

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Baylor College of Medicinereally developed because of him.

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The medical center here developed becauseof him, and his

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endowments, his efforts in trying to promoteeducation and healthcare, even late in his

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life thehigh school that he founded, I think are very

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great examples that should serve as legacyfor very

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successful physicians to come.

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Where you can be very successful and happy,but these things

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that he contributed really transcend whatyou can do today, are part of his legacy that

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I don'tthink many individuals are capable of sharing

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that with the world.

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Lindberg: No.

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Actually, the National Library of Medicinehas an affiliation with Center City

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High Schools, and so I asked him about thesuccess of the DeBakey High School here, trying

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toshape a strategy myself, and he said, "Well,

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Donald, first of all you've got to do it for25 years."

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Then it will be different.

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Torre-Amione: There's almost no one that youtalk to in the medical center, even younger

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generations than me, that won't give you astory that may be this tradition or these

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incrediblethings that you hear that go from one generation

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to the other, but I think what everybody reallyfeels and understands is that his contribution

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to what this medical center is is really unparalleled.

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I think his ethics, his work, his commitmentto the patients are characteristics that you

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don'treally find in a lot of individuals.

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And that doesn't happen often anymore.

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Lindberg: No, unfortunately.

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Torre-Amione: Especially the way medicineis changing.

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That type of commitment is notsomething that we're teaching people to do.

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Lindberg: So do you still encourage youngpeople to go into medicine?

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Torre-Amione: Sure, but I usually tell peoplethe following.

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People come in, they want to spendtime.

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I said if your heart is not in medicine andyou feel that you can do medicine just like

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becoming a lawyer or being a producer or beingan engineer, do that.

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Don't go into medicine.

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Lindberg: Yes, I agree.

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Torre-Amione: But if medicine is what's goingto make you happy, forget about the money,

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forget about the effort, then you'll be happy.

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But if you do it as a way to just find anotherjob, I

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think that's not the right way to go intomedicine.

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Lindberg: Can't stand the first four yearsanyway.

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Torre-Amione: Right, but I definitely encouragepeople when they know that that's their passion.

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The problem today I think is that people have--1don't think that we have a lot of people that

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stillhave that gift of finding something and doing

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it because of their passion.

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I don't see that a lot.

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Lindberg: Well, do you think the DeBakey HighSchool is working?

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I mean he really created itin order to get minority kids into healthcare,

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not medicine alone.

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Torre-Amione: Well, I'm certainly no experton the outcomes of--but we see kids that come

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through here, that come in and we have themthrough the summer or that they do volunteer

00:16:01.760 --> 00:16:03.680
workor they want to participate in research projects

00:16:03.680 --> 00:16:07.440
and without any question I think it givespeople a

00:16:07.440 --> 00:16:12.810
connection with a reality that otherwise wouldnot be available for them and just to expose

00:16:12.810 --> 00:16:18.240
individuals that otherwise would not see thisis really probably the greater engine to make

00:16:18.240 --> 00:16:20.850
themwanting to go into a career in science or

00:16:20.850 --> 00:16:24.170
medicine, so I think it's a fantastic ideaand it's a

00:16:24.170 --> 00:16:25.360
fantastic program, yes.

00:16:25.360 --> 00:16:26.360
Lindberg: I like it very well myself.

00:16:26.360 --> 00:16:29.040
Torre-Amione: Yeah, so I think it's great.

00:16:29.040 --> 00:16:36.111
Lindberg: I guess, one last thing is did hewant to have the last giant arch [phonetic]

00:16:36.111 --> 00:16:38.029
procedure ornot?

00:16:38.029 --> 00:16:42.370
Tone-Amione: I talked to him about that andthe answer is yes.

00:16:42.370 --> 00:16:47.899
He said he didn't want to die, andI, of course, talking to him after the fact,

00:16:47.899 --> 00:16:49.060
he never regretted it.

00:16:49.060 --> 00:16:50.061
Lindberg: I've heard him say that.

00:16:50.061 --> 00:16:52.079
Tone-Amione: He said he was very happy thathe did have it.

00:16:52.079 --> 00:16:53.079
Lindberg: Right.

00:16:53.079 --> 00:16:57.680
Torre-Amione: And at some point that he madecomments against it, he certainly doesn't

00:16:57.680 --> 00:17:00.240
regrethaving had it, and he was very happy to be

00:17:00.240 --> 00:17:01.370
alive.

00:17:01.370 --> 00:17:04.250
I'll tell you a story if nobody mentionedthis.

00:17:04.250 --> 00:17:11.589
Dr. DeBakey, the last few months of his life--youknow he loved cars and even sports cars.

00:17:11.589 --> 00:17:12.589
Lindberg: Yes, oh, yes.

00:17:12.589 --> 00:17:13.589
Pedal to the metal.

00:17:13.589 --> 00:17:15.279
Torre-Amione: He went and brought a brandnew Porsche.

00:17:15.279 --> 00:17:17.720
Lindberg: In a wheelchair.

00:17:17.720 --> 00:17:19.489
Torre-Amione: I bought his old Porsche.

00:17:19.489 --> 00:17:22.459
I sat with him in the house.

00:17:22.459 --> 00:17:24.699
I said, Dr. DeBakey whatare you going to do with this car, which was

00:17:24.699 --> 00:17:26.949
a beautiful Porsche that they had broughtfrom

00:17:26.949 --> 00:17:34.109
Germany and didn't drive it for years becausethey had to make them US compatible.

00:17:34.109 --> 00:17:36.840
So there'sthis beautiful Porsche, and he wanted to go

00:17:36.840 --> 00:17:38.789
and buy a brand new Porsche, and he did.

00:17:38.789 --> 00:17:41.320
He wentand bought a brand new Porsche and I bought

00:17:41.320 --> 00:17:42.649
his old Porsche.

00:17:42.649 --> 00:17:43.799
Lindberg: Great.

00:17:43.799 --> 00:17:49.389
Tone-Amione: Then I told Dr. DeBakey one time,I said, these Porsche people are pretty

00:17:49.389 --> 00:17:50.389
incompetent.

00:17:50.389 --> 00:17:55.059
If I was the manager or the owner, and I seeyou coming trying to buy a Porsche,

00:17:55.059 --> 00:17:57.129
I'll give it to you for free.

00:17:57.129 --> 00:17:58.730
I'll just ask one thing.

00:17:58.730 --> 00:18:01.432
I'll take a couple of pictures and use youin an ad,

00:18:01.432 --> 00:18:08.960
and I think it would be the greatest ad onearth about our selling sports cars.

00:18:08.960 --> 00:18:12.169
Of course, that didn'thappen, but he bought his car, and he broke

00:18:12.169 --> 00:18:16.460
his car in, and he was really happy aboutthat, and

00:18:16.460 --> 00:18:25.620
eventually he kind of died asleep, and thestory is what it is.

00:18:25.620 --> 00:18:28.109
He was full of life even at that time.

00:18:28.109 --> 00:18:32.989
When he renewed his license to get insurance,he even made comments about, "Oh, I just need

00:18:32.989 --> 00:18:35.749
insurance for another five years or so.''

00:18:35.749 --> 00:18:40.039
Because he's 99, almost a couple months closeto his

00:18:40.039 --> 00:18:41.039
hundredth birthday.

00:18:41.039 --> 00:18:45.299
Lindberg: Well, it's kind of you to sharethe memories with us.

00:18:45.299 --> 00:18:47.960
We all knew him and all havegood memories.

00:18:47.960 --> 00:18:49.200
Torre-Amione: Very good.

00:18:49.200 --> 00:18:50.200
Thank you.

00:18:50.200 --> 00:18:50.539
Lindberg: Thanks very much.